Which of the following actions are recommended during shoulder dystocia?

• A. Instruct the mother not to push until instructed and remain calm
• B. Use McRoberts Maneuver
• C. Apply Suprapubic Pressure
• D. All of the above

Answer: (D)

In shoulder dystocia, the priority is to release the impacted shoulder quickly with coordinated, simple actions that protect both mother and baby. The listed steps are all recommended first-line measures: telling the mother not to push until instructed and to stay calm helps the team perform maneuvers without additional resistance and reduces fetal stress. The McRoberts maneuver realigns the pelvis by sharply flexing the mother's thighs toward her abdomen, increasing the birth canal space and often freeing the shoulder. Suprapubic pressure involves applying firm pressure just above the pubic bone to shift the shoulder and dislodge it from behind the pubic symphysis. When used together, these steps address the common causes of dystocia and frequently resolve the situation without more invasive techniques.